Researcher claims photon model fails
Modern physics considers light to have both particle and wave properties
– a paradox! But independent researcher Eric Reiter has devised
an experiment and theory to show that light has nothing to do with particles
at all. There is a famous thought experiment of Einstein’s that
is in essence the definition of the photon: a photon should go one way
or the other at a partially reflecting mirror. But what does nature
say, and how do we ask? Previous embodiments of this experiment have
supported photons. In Reiter’s experiment the light is gamma rays,
and the mirror is one of two detectors. Reiter’s detectors show
that a gamma ray can split and go both ways, therefore violating the
definition of the photon. In hundreds of repetitions and tens of variations,
the experimental results decisively refute the predictions of quantum
mechanics. If gamma rays, the most particle-like form of light, are
not photons, then there can be no photons. Reiter claims this failure
of quantum mechanics lets us see what is really going on: an accumulation
effect in matter. Reiter claims there are many distortions in our textbooks
that have tricked generations of students away from realizing this accumulation
effect.
Abstract
In a thought experiment, Einstein proposed that each light quantum would
go one way or another at a beam splitter. In testing this model, a series
of experiments use spontaneous gamma rays from either Cd109 or Co57,
whereby a primary gamma-ray splits and is detected in coincidence in
two detectors. The measured coincidence rates substantially exceed the
calculated chance coincidence rate. These are full-height pulses, which
directly violate the quantum mechanical probabilistic model of light,
and indirectly violate the concept of quantized free charge. The effect
only works when the gamma ray frequency is sufficiently low such that
the photoelectric effect efficiency dominates above the Compton effect
in the detector. Very few gamma sources have a lone photopeak that allow
this measurement, which explains why this effect was previously unnoticed.
Applications to material science are introduced whereby the peak-to-Compton
ratio in the pulse-height spectrum from an off-axis detector, triggered
in coincidence with the transmitted beam, responds to magnetic fields
and temperature changes. There is no such response in conventional gamma
ray spectrums. To further help understand how all this can possibly
be true, a wave oriented derivation of the photoelectric and Compton
effects are offered.
Introduction
Without some understanding of my alternative to quantum mechanics
you may falsely assume I am trying to make energy from nothing. A simplified
interpretation of the results of my experiments is as follows: a single
nuclear g-ray decay releases an hng of energy in an initially directed
monochromatic coherent electromagnetic pulse that scatters classically.
Energy is absorbed continuously and selectively by resonators of similar
frequency until they reach an hn of energy, as a maximum threshold in
either a charge wave beat or a standing wave envelope. This completes
a loading that can cause more than one simultaneous detection event.
These detection events can each indicate energy proportional to the
original hng. release. Since the concept of quantized charge is the
chief reason behind quantized light in the photoelectric effect, if
the concept of quantized light is invalidated, it calls into question
the concept of quantized charge also. In quantum mechanics, it is the
amplitude of a wave function Y that interferes. ¦Y¦2 =
(probability) is used to determine where and when an hn of energy, a
photon, is to appear. I call this the photon principle. If it really
was a photon, the whole of an emitted hn would proceed and deposit itself
as a whole hn, in one place at a time. My set of experiments show that
the photon principle is violated because I show two or even three hn
detections are triggered from one hn emission. These experiments imply
that the particle-like effects are due to properties of the charge-wave
(see appendices and paper1), not any sort of quantization or wave packet
of light. If these experiments are not refuted they directly show that
the concept of quantized light must be transcended.
My challenge is to the concept of quantization itself. This challenge
includes: (a) a wave-oriented derivation of the photoelectric effect
and its development into a non-dualistic theory, the Threshold-Ratio
Model1 (TRM) (see Appendices), (b) applying TRM toward re-deriving equations
of famous experiments (see Appendices), (c) pointing out flaws in previous
experiments that made physics believe quantized light and charge was
"right," and (d) predicting phenomena that directly violate
quantum mechanics, (e) performing experiments that confirm the predictions.
I have decided to release my research here on the web for several good
reasons. Here I have freedom of expression and can show far greater
detail than what is normally offered in a scientific journal. I describe
20 variations of the experiment, all of which reinforce my position.
Previous published experiment on this issue, all of which support quantum
mechanics, have no such detail. The nature of my claim is so astounding
that I expect people to think there was some strange experimental artifact
at play. Physicists are invited to visit my lab and check out my experiment,
or else repeat these experiments themselves to be convinced that there
is no mistake here.
The full version of this article is available here
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